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目的分析2014年哈尔滨5起流感暴发的流行病学特征及影响因素,为有效防控流感提供科学依据。方法开展暴发现场调查,用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 5起流感暴发集中在2014年4-5月,均发生在乡镇中小学校,发病人数156人,罹患率范围4.29%~77.78%。经病原学检测,3起为B型流感暴发、2起为H3N2型流感暴发。中小学生发病罹患率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),男女性别之间发病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 B型和H3N2型流感疫情来势凶猛,传播速度快,提高疫情报告的及时性和及早对疫点采取综合处置措施是控制流感暴发的有效手段。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of five influenza outbreaks in Harbin in 2014 and provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and control of influenza. Methods To carry out outbreak investigation and to describe the epidemiological method. Results Five outbreaks of influenza were concentrated in April-May 2014, both in primary and secondary schools in villages and towns. The number of cases was 156 and the prevalence ranged from 4.29% to 77.78%. The etiology tested 3 outbreaks of type B influenza and two outbreaks of H3N2 influenza. There was no significant difference in the incidence of primary and secondary school students (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of male and female (P> 0.05). Conclusion The outbreaks of influenza B and H3N2 are ferocious, the speed of transmission is rapid, the timeliness of reporting the epidemic situation and the early comprehensive treatment of the epidemic area are effective measures to control the outbreak of influenza.