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运用我国宏观数据考察历次药品降价政策的效果,我们发现:降价政策只能短期小幅降低药品价格,但增加降价干预强度可以加强这种短期影响;降价政策没有减轻居民医疗负担和降低制药企业平均盈利状况,但却加剧了亏损企业的数量和亏损额;降价政策刺激了药品尤其是高价药品的进口,但并未影响与药品存在替代或互补关系的其他医疗产品或服务的价格。整体而言,政府直接的降价干预并没有实现其政策初衷,却带来了新的行为扭曲。
Using our macroeconomic data to examine the effects of the drug price cuts of the previous rounds, we found that the price cut policy can only slightly lower drug prices in the short run, but increasing the price cut intervention intensity can enhance such short-term impact. The price cut does not reduce the medical burden on residents and reduce the average profitability of pharmaceutical companies But it exacerbated the number of loss-making enterprises and their losses; the price-cutting policy stimulated the import of medicines, especially high-priced medicines, but did not affect the price of other medical products or services that had substitutability or complementarity with the medicines. Overall, the Government’s direct intervention in depreciating prices did not realize its original intention of policy but brought about new distortions in behavior.