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西太平洋暖池(Western Pacific warm pool)是全球海温最高的海域,汇聚了巨大的热能,在地球气候系统中具有非常重要的作用。本文综述了近30年来有关西太平洋暖池的研究进展,包括西太平洋暖池的维持机制、不同时间尺度下西太平洋暖池的变异特征和物理机制,以及西太平洋暖池的观测和数值模拟等领域的研究进展。西太平洋暖池的维持是现有地形下大气过程和海洋过程相互作用导致的,在季节内到世纪尺度均存在很强的变化。其中,季节内变化的驱动机制主要包括与大气季节内振荡(Madden-Julian oscillation)相关的对流和海表面热通量变化,以及海洋波动等海洋动力过程;季节变化主要是由太阳辐射的季节变化所导致的;在年际尺度上,西太平洋暖池作为厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation,ENSO)的一部分,其振荡具有显著的年际变化;太平洋代际振荡(Pacific decadal oscillation,PDO)和大西洋代际振荡(Atlantic multi-decadal oscillation,AMO)驱动着西太平洋暖池的年代际变化;世纪尺度的变化显示全球变暖背景下西太平洋暖池存在扩张趋势。人类对西太平洋暖池的系统观测始于海洋观测卫星的使用,随后历经TOGA、TAO/TRITON、TOGA-COARE、WOCE、Argo、SPICE、NPOCE等多个观测计划,极大地促进了西太平洋暖池的研究。但截止到第五次耦合模式比对计划(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5),多数气候模式仍未能克服热带模拟偏差,对西太平洋暖池的模拟效果较差,表明在西太平洋暖池动力学的理解和模拟方面仍有较大的进步空间。
The Western Pacific warm pool is the highest sea temperature in the world and brings together enormous heat and plays a very important role in the Earth’s climate system. This review summarizes the research progress of the western Pacific warm pool in recent 30 years, including the maintenance mechanism of the western Pacific warm pool, the variation characteristics and physical mechanism of the western Pacific warm pool at different timescales, and the observation and numerical simulation of the western Pacific warm pool. Research progress in the field. The maintenance of the western Pacific warm pool is caused by the interaction of the atmospheric and ocean processes under the current terrain, and there are strong changes in the seasons to the century scale. Among them, the driving mechanism of intraseasonal changes mainly includes convection and surface heat flux related to atmospheric Madden-Julian oscillation, as well as ocean dynamic processes such as ocean fluctuation. The seasonal changes are mainly caused by the seasonal variations of solar radiation On the interannual scale, the western Pacific warm pool has significant interannual variation as part of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific decadal (PDO) and Atlantic multi-decadal oscillation (AMO) drive the interdecadal variation of the western Pacific warm pool. The changes of the century scale show that there is an expansion trend of the western Pacific warm pool in the context of global warming. Human observation of the western Pacific warm pool began with the use of ocean observing satellites and subsequently underwent several observation programs such as TOGA, TAO / TRITON, TOGA-COARE, WOCE, Argo, SPICE and NPOCE, which greatly facilitated the warming of the Western Pacific Warm Pool Research. However, as of the Fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, most of the climate models have not yet overcome the tropical simulated bias and have a poorer simulation effect on the western Pacific warm pool, indicating that in the western Pacific warm pool dynamics There is still room for improvement in understanding and simulation.