近年来,国内山岭隧道塌方事故频发,造成了惨重的人员伤亡和巨大的设备损失,如何通过现场监测实时掌控围岩稳定性并进行安全预警已成为当前山岭隧道修建的关键难题之一。依托围岩塌方风险较高的大狮子隧道(宁波地区最长的公路隧道),阐明了隧道内围岩远程在线遥测技术的信号采集、传输与后台处理原理,基于现场监测组网的总线理论(FCS)和分组无线传输技术(GPRS),提出了一种新型隧道远程在线遥测系统构架方式。该系统构架采用洞内有线+无线的组网方案,包括监测数据的采集传输、管理分析、远程接收子系统3个部分。运用该系统对大狮子隧道围岩变形、锚杆应力、围岩与钢拱架之间喷层压应力开展了全天候实时高频监测,并采用服务器+客户端模式,实现了采集数据远程同步高速传输与多单位实时监控。通过分析高频采集数据后获得的监测量时程曲线(变形、应力、压力),发现大狮子隧道的围岩变形在整体变化趋势上呈现出一种台阶式的波动增长变化规律,受爆破开挖影响后变形值产生突变;同时围岩变形与喷层压力值受后续隧道开挖扰动的波动影响较大,但总体变化趋势上基本经历了前期快速变化-中期缓慢变化-后期逐步稳定3个阶段。通过对隧道近一年的远程在线监测表明,其技术可完全实现地下工程围岩稳定性的远程遥测和无人值守预警,具有良好的应用前景。 In recent years, frequent landslide accidents in domestic mountain tunnels have caused heavy casualties and huge equipment losses. How to control the stability of surrounding rock by real-time monitoring and carry out safety early warning has become one of the key problems in current mountain tunnel construction. Based on the Great Lion Tunnel (the longest road tunnel in Ningbo), which has a high risk of landslide collapse, the principles of signal acquisition, transmission and background processing of the remote on-line telemetry in the tunnel are expounded. Based on the bus theory of on-site monitoring network FCS) and packet radio transmission technology (GPRS), a new tunnel remote on-line telemetry system architecture is proposed. The system architecture uses wired + wireless networking solutions in the tunnel, including the collection and transmission of monitoring data, management and analysis, remote receiving subsystem 3 parts. The system is used to carry out real-time high-frequency all-weather monitoring of surrounding rock deformation, anchor stress, spray stress between surrounding rock and steel arch in Big Lion tunnel. The server + client mode is adopted to realize the data collection of remote synchronous high speed Transmission and multi-unit real-time monitoring. Through the analysis of time-course curves (deformation, stress and pressure) of monitoring data obtained after high-frequency data acquisition, it is found that the deformation of the surrounding rock of the Great Lion tunnel shows a step-like fluctuation growth variation trend over the overall trend. After the excavation, the deformation value changed suddenly. At the same time, the surrounding rock deformation and spray pressure value were greatly influenced by the fluctuation of the subsequent tunnel excavation disturbance. However, the general trend of the change experienced a rapid change in the early period - moderate change in the middle period - gradually stabilized in the later period stage. The remote on-line monitoring of the tunnel nearly a year shows that the technology can fully realize the remote telemetry and unmanned alarming of the surrounding rock stability of the underground project and has good application prospect.