多发性硬化(MS)是人类中枢神经系统(CNS)的炎性脱髓鞘和神经变性疾病[1]。其病因不明,也无治愈的方法;发病机制包括炎症(与针对CNS抗原的细胞和体液免疫反应有关)以及神经变性(导致神经元丧失并转变为脑萎缩)[2~3]。对于MS的研究和临床治疗,磁共振成像(MRI)正在发挥越来越大的 Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the human central nervous system (CNS) [1]. The etiology is unknown and there is no cure; pathogenesis includes inflammation associated with cellular and humoral immune responses against CNS antigens and neurodegeneration (leading to loss of neurons and conversion to brain atrophy). For research and clinical treatment of MS, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is playing more and more