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干细胞是一类具有分化潜能的细胞,具有自我更新和高度增殖能力。肺干细胞是一类重要的成体干细胞,对维持肺脏稳态、损伤后的修复发挥着关键作用。近年来,肺干细胞的研究发展迅速,现对肺干细胞的分类来源、分化增殖、分离策略、表面标记、分化信号通路及病理学机理综述如下,并对其存在的问题作出了分析与展望。
Stem cells are a group of cells with differentiation potential, with self-renewal and high proliferative capacity. Pulmonary stem cells are an important class of adult stem cells that play a key role in maintaining the homeostasis of the lung and repairing it after injury. In recent years, the research of lung stem cells has been developing rapidly. The classification sources, differentiation and proliferation, isolation strategies, surface markers, differentiation signal pathways and pathological mechanisms of lung stem cells are summarized as follows, and the existing problems are analyzed and prospected.