胃肠道拥有人体最大的表面积,它是微生物、异种抗原以及毒素进入宿主内环境的主要场所。胃肠道是全身炎症反应综合征的起源地,随着对肠道在炎症发生和多器官衰竭中作用认识的提高,具有免疫增强功能的肠内营养正日益引起人们的关注。本文将讨论谷氨酰胺、精氨酸、核苷酸以及乳铁蛋白等营养素参与机体免疫调节的机制和它们作为免疫营养素在新生儿感染中的临床应用前景。 The gastrointestinal tract has the largest surface area of ​​the human body, which is the primary site for the entry of microbes, xenoantigens, and toxins into the host’s environment. The gastrointestinal tract is the origin of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and with the increasing awareness of the role of the gut in inflammation and multiple organ failure, enteral nutrition with immunoenhancement is increasingly a cause for concern. This article will discuss the mechanisms by which glutamine, arginine, nucleotides, lactoferrin and other nutrients participate in the immune regulation of the body and their clinical utility as immunotrophins in neonatal infections.