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明代税收由实物之征走向货币之征,不仅仅是一个自然自发的过程,还是一个由政府主导的主动选择过程,国家的推动是“征银”政策得以实施的保证,国家的财政、军事等的需求是明代税收“征银”的主要动力,同时期世界范围内的银矿开采、贸易往来以及相应的白银内流,成为必不可少的外部因素,明代经济的运行与当时世界各国的经济发展状况已经存在着较为强烈的互动关系。国内财政、军事等需求与世界范围内的外部环境,共同作用于明代国家,使其不得不改变以往的实物税。明代田赋征银政策的实施,客观上促进了商品经济和货币经济的发展,也有利于粮食及其他商品市场的发展繁荣。
It is not only a natural spontaneous process, but also a process of active choice led by the government. The promotion of the state is a guarantee for the implementation of the policy of “levy of silver”, the state’s fiscal, The demand of military and other services was the main driving force for taxation and “levy of silver” in the Ming Dynasty. In the same period, the worldwide silver mining, trade and the corresponding influx of silver became indispensable external factors. There have been relatively strong interactions between the economic development of all countries in the world. Domestic financial, military and other needs and the world’s external environment, work together in the Ming Dynasty countries, so that it had to change the tax in the past. The implementation of land tax levying policy in Ming Dynasty promoted objectively the development of commodity economy and monetary economy and also contributed to the development and prosperity of grain and other commodity markets.