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目的研究成年男性股四头肌肌构筑特征和肌梭分布,测定神经入肌点。方法用大体解剖法解剖并观察测量20具成人男性尸体股四头肌的肌构筑学特征,组织学HE染色法研究5具成人男性尸体股四头肌肌梭分布。结果股直肌、股内侧肌、股外侧肌和股中间肌肌质量分别为(158.7±10.5)、(351.5±66.8)、(521.9±72.6)、(303.1±44.5)g;肌长分别为(30.2±2.0)、(31.5±2.7)、(31.0±3.2)、(28.8±2.8)cm;肌纤维长分别为(6.7±1.8)、(9.2±2.0)、(8.8±1.6)、(9.0±1.5)cm;羽状角分别为(17.1±2.3)°、(18.6±2.3)°、(15.5±2.8)°和(10.5±1.6)°;生理横切面积分别为(22.4±3.1)、(34.6±4.3)、(53.8±5.8)、(32.5±4.6)cm2;平均肌梭密度分别为19.38、21.93、20.18、18.64个/g。神经入肌点:股直肌有2个神经入肌点,分别距髂前上棘(10.23±0.97)cm和(14.48±1.12)cm;股内侧肌的神经入肌点为(9.85±1.28)cm;股外侧肌有2个入肌点,分别为(11.88±1.34)cm和(13.98±2.55)cm;股中间肌的神经入肌点为(9.23±1.65)cm。结论股四头肌的四块肌均属于羽肌并且其神经入肌点均集中在股前上部第2区内;股四头肌肌构筑学特点和各不同肌块之间以及同一肌各部之间肌梭密度不等反映了其在肌体中的功能的差异。
Objective To study the construction characteristics of quadriceps muscle and the distribution of muscle spindle in adult male, Methods The anatomical structure of the quadriceps muscle of 20 adult male corpses was dissected and observed by anatomy and histological HE staining was used to study the distribution of muscle spindles in 5 adult male corpses. Results The muscular weights of the rectus femoris muscle, medial femoral muscle, lateral femoral muscle and interocular muscle were (158.7 ± 10.5), (351.5 ± 66.8), (521.9 ± 72.6) and (303.1 ± 44.5) g, respectively 30.2 ± 2.0), (31.5 ± 2.7), (31.0 ± 3.2) and (28.8 ± 2.8) cm respectively. The length of muscle fibers were (6.7 ± 1.8), (9.2 ± 2.0), (8.8 ± 1.6) and ) cm, and the pinnate angles were (17.1 ± 2.3) °, (18.6 ± 2.3) °, (15.5 ± 2.8 °) and (10.5 ± 1.6 ° °, ± 4.3), (53.8 ± 5.8) and (32.5 ± 4.6) cm 2 respectively. The average muscle spindles were 19.38, 21.93, 20.18 and 18.64 / g, respectively. The points of entry into the muscle: The rectus femoris muscle had two points of entry into the muscle, which were (10.23 ± 0.97) cm and (14.48 ± 1.12) cm respectively from the anterior superior iliac spine (9.85 ± 1.28) cm; the lateral muscle of the femoral muscle had 2 entry points of (11.88 ± 1.34) cm and (13.98 ± 2.55) cm, respectively; Conclusion Four quadriceps muscles belong to the feather muscle and their afferent points are concentrated in the second anterior femoral area. The characteristics of the quadriceps muscle architecture and the different musculature between the various parts of the same muscle Muscle spindles vary in density to reflect differences in their function in the body.