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在有压引水式水电站的调压井设计中,需要采取措施尽量抑制调压室水位波动幅度和减小调压室的容积。采用阻抗式调压室和差动式调压室虽可达到此目的,但有时这两种调压井的布置受到地形限制,调压井若距厂房较远,压力钢管则较长。欲使调压室靠近厂房布置,需要压低调压室的运行水面(例如,要使其大大低于上游水库水位),这时就需要考虑采用气垫式调压室。气垫式调压室的运行水面取决于室中空气的初始压力,因此可根据实际地形选择调压室的布置高程,此种调压室因距发电厂房较近,故其下游的压力钢管承受较少的水锤压力,管道长度也相应缩短。但是应当指出,这种调压室的涌浪压力比较大。因此,采用它时,调压室上游引水洞承受的内水压增大。
In the design of pressure surge wells with pressurized pilot stations, measures should be taken to minimize the fluctuation of the water level in the surge chamber and to reduce the volume of the surge chamber. Impedance-type surge tank and differential surge tank can achieve this goal, but sometimes the surge tank layout is limited by the terrain. If the surge tank is farther away from the plant and the pressure pipe is longer. In order to move the surge chamber closer to the plant, the surge tank needs to be lowered (eg, to significantly lower than the upstream reservoir) and an air cushion surge chamber should be considered. The operating surface of the air-cushion surge chamber depends on the initial pressure of the air in the chamber. Therefore, the elevation of the surge chamber can be selected according to the actual terrain. Since the surge chamber is closer to the power plant, Less water hammer pressure, the length of the pipe is also shorter. However, it should be pointed out that the pressure surge room surge pressure is relatively large. Therefore, when it is used, the water pressure inside the diversion tunnel upstream of the surge chamber increases.