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宪法危机的发生有两个条件 :第一 ,在根本性问题上 ,宪法条文具有强烈的容易引起宪法解释争端的模糊性 ;同时 ,这些模糊的宪法条文所规定的问题 ,在现实政治生活中又已经发展成为实际的、主要的政治问题。我通过对美国内战与重建时期的历史检视 ,发现在美国联邦宪法中存在着三个符合这些条件、并最终引发宪法危机的模糊点 :联邦制度和最高主权归属的问题、共和制度与奴隶制度的关系问题、公民身份与公民权利的问题。这三个问题也是美国内战与重建时期要着力解决并通过暴力手段得以解决的问题。
There are two conditions for the occurrence of the constitutional crisis: First, on the fundamental issue, the constitutional provisions have a strong tendency to cause the ambiguity of the constitutional interpretation dispute. At the same time, the problems stipulated in these ambiguous constitutional provisions have, in the real political life, Has evolved into a real, major political issue. Through the historical review of the U.S. civil war and reconstruction period, I found that there are three vague points in the U.S. federal constitution that meet these conditions and eventually trigger the constitutional crisis: the federal system and the issue of supreme sovereignty, the republican system and the slavery Relationship issues, citizenship and civil rights issues. These three issues are also issues that the U.S. civil war and the reconstruction period should make efforts to solve and be solved by means of violence.