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本文试图从当代资本主义的一些新特点入手来探讨阿多诺对精神分析学说的使用。阿多诺从弗洛伊德的相关思想出发,考察了权威的去人格化的问题,即权威向匿名社会力量的变迁。由此阿多诺表明,对于父权制的历史超越并不能通向个人和社会的解放。但是,阿多诺忽视了二战后出现的一些重要理论修正,而且阿多诺的分析是依赖于有问题的决定论前提的。接着,文章指出,当前的资本主义已经非常不同于阿多诺所说的“被管理的世界”了。由于当前的资本主义在个人生活和集体生活上产生出了非常不同的效果,所以现在有必要从新的角度来看待异化问题。最后,文章讨论了当代资本主义的高度自反性,认为资本主义正是通过对它自身所产生的危机和问题进行克服而得到发展的。
This article tries to discuss Adorno’s use of psychoanalysis from some new features of contemporary capitalism. Adorno started from the related thought of Freud and examined the de-personification of authority, that is, the change of authority to anonymous social forces. Adorno thus shows that the historical transcendence of patriarchy can not lead to the liberation of individuals and society. However, Adorno overlooked some important theoretical amendments that emerged after World War II, and Adorno’s analysis relied on problematic deterministic premises. The article then points out that the current capitalism is very different from what Adorno called the “managed world.” Given the very different effects of current capitalism in both personal and collective life, it is now necessary to look at alienation from a new perspective. Finally, the article discusses the highly reflexive nature of contemporary capitalism, arguing that capitalism was developed precisely by overcoming the crises and problems that it itself posed.