从原工业化向工业化过渡时,大多数原工业化地区在过渡的进程中都失败了,可称之为“工业化的解体”。从本质上看,这一转换的关键在于将技术进步应用于生产过程,进而实现从家庭手工业生产向工厂制机器生产的转型。由于小农阶级先天的不足,商人阶级在此转型过程中扮演了关键角色。本文着眼于从非传统的视角研究我国近代手工业中广泛存在的包买商制度。研究表明,风险偏好与交易成本在很大程度上共同决定了商人阶级所采用的生产组织形式。 At the transition from the former industrialization to the industrialization, most of the formerly industrialized areas failed in the process of transition, which can be called “the dissolution of industrialization.” Essentially, the key to this transformation is the application of technological advances to the manufacturing process, which in turn transforms the production of household handicraft to factory-made machines. Because of the inherent deficiencies of the small-scale farming class, the business class played a key role in this transformation. This article focuses on the non-traditional perspective of China’s modern handicraft industry widespread in the system of package buyers. Research shows that risk appetite and transaction costs to a large extent determine the form of production organization adopted by the merchant class.