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目的了解湘西土家族苗族自治州的土家族、苗族小学生营养状况,为改善少数民族学生营养状况提供依据。方法分层随机整群抽取湘西州泸溪、古丈、保靖、永顺县8所小学的2 876名土家族和苗族小学生,对其身高、体重进行测量,采用身高标准体重法进行营养状况评价。结果土家族、苗族小学生营养不良检出率分别为6.68%、7.13%,低体重率分别为24.57%、24.90%,超重率分别为8.21%、6.59%,肥胖率分别为7.77%、7.66%;营养不良率女生(7.92%)高于男生(5.90%)(χ2=4.55,P<0.05);肥胖率男生(8.89%)高于女生(6.49%)(χ2=5.79,P<0.05),城镇(9.08%)高于乡村(5.43%)(χ2=12.56,P<0.01);土家族不同性别、居住地,苗族不同居住地小学生肥胖率差异均有统计学意义;不同民族城镇小学生超重率差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论湘西州土家族、苗族小学生营养不良和营养过剩同时存在,应对不同群体的营养问题进行针对性指导。
Objective To understand the nutritional status of Tujia and Miao primary school students in Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Xiangxi and provide evidence for improving the nutritional status of ethnic minority students. Methods A total of 2 876 Tujia and Miao primary school pupils from 8 primary schools in Luxi, Guzhang, Baojing and Yongshun County of western Hunan were stratified and stratified randomly to measure their height and weight. The nutritional status Evaluation. Results The prevalence of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students in Tujia and Miao nationalities was 6.68% and 7.13% respectively. The rates of low weight were 24.57% and 24.90% respectively. The overweight rates were 8.21% and 6.59%, and the obesity rates were 7.77% and 7.66% respectively. The prevalence rate of malnutrition in girls was higher than that of boys (7.92% vs 5.90%, χ2 = 4.55, P <0.05), and the prevalence of obesity was 8.89% (6.49%) in girls (Χ2 = 12.56, P <0.01). There was significant difference in the obesity rate among primary school students living in different places of residence in Tujia ethnic group, Miao nationality and living population. The difference in overweight rate among primary school students in different ethnic minority townships There was statistical significance (all P <0.05). Conclusion Tujia and Miao pupils in Xiangxi Prefecture have malnutrition and overnutrition at the same time. They should give guidance to the nutritional problems of different groups.