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一、前言流化床燃烧具有燃烧强度大、传热效率高的特点,由于燃烧温度低并可在床内固硫,因此在改善大气污染方面具有很大的优越性。对于劣质煤(包括高灰、高硫、高水份及低热值的煤)也有很好的适应性。常压流化床燃烧(AFBC)锅炉在我国已有20余年发展的历史,其数量之多占世界首位,目前已成为我国劣质煤燃烧的主要技术路线。国外各发达国家,美、英、德、日等国从燃煤环境保护的角度出发亦在大力研制大型流化床锅炉。与常压流化床相比,增压流化床(PFBC)结构更紧凑,燃烧效率更高,污染控制能力更强,是建立高效率、低污染的燃煤电站的一种极有吸引力的新技术,因此成为各国竞相开发的项目。在美、英两国完成了实验室研究的基础上,各国陆续建成了中间试验电厂。国际能源机构(IEA)1980年在英国格列默索(Grime-thorpe)建成25MW中试厂(压力12atm),已完成了第一阶段试验(约860小时);美国能源部资助的科蒂
I. Introduction Fluidized bed combustion has the advantages of large combustion intensity and high heat transfer efficiency. Because of its low combustion temperature and sulfur fixation in the bed, it has great advantages in improving air pollution. For poor quality coal (including high ash, high sulfur, high moisture and low calorific value of coal) also has good adaptability. Atmospheric pressure fluidized bed combustion (AFBC) boilers have been in development for more than 20 years in our country, accounting for the largest number of them in the world. At present, they have become the major technical routes for burning inferior coal in our country. Developed countries abroad, the United States, Britain, Germany, Japan and other countries from the perspective of coal-fired environmental protection is also vigorously develop large-scale fluidized bed boilers. Compared with atmospheric fluidized bed, PFBC structure is more compact, with higher combustion efficiency and better pollution control ability, which is very attractive for establishing a high efficiency and low pollution coal-fired power plant The new technology, it has become a national development project. Based on the completion of laboratory studies in the United States and Britain, various countries have successively built intermediate pilot power plants. The International Energy Agency (IEA) completed the first phase of the 25MW pilot plant (pressure 12 atm) at Grime-thorpe in 1980 in the United Kingdom (about 860 hours); the U.S. Department of Energy funded Coty