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春秋战国至西汉前期,商人分层呈多样化,素商、政商、儒商、黑商均占有一定比例,且素商居多。西汉后期至东汉,政商比例逐渐增大,且分层趋向单一化。这个趋势说明在封建社会,商业的发展不能完全随着商品经济的发展而前行,统治阶层在政策上的抑制或放任会随时影响到商业发展,继而影响商人的构成类型。与此同时,商品经济的发展趋势也会对统治阶层的决策产生影响,在这内外两种力量的交错影响下,商人分层也会随之改变。
From the Spring and Autumn Period to the early Western Han Dynasty, the merchants were diversified. The merchants, politicians, businessmen, and black merchants all occupied a certain proportion and were mostly businessmen. From the late Western Han Dynasty to the Eastern Han Dynasty, the proportion of business people increased gradually, and the stratification tended to be single. This trend shows that in feudal society, the development of commerce can not be fully followed by the development of the commodity economy. The policy restraint or laissez-faire of the ruling class will affect the development of commerce at any time and thus affect the composition of traders. At the same time, the development trend of the commodity economy will also have an impact on the decision-making of the ruling class. As a result of the interweaving of these two forces, the stratification of businessmen will change accordingly.