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神府煤田生产过程中形成的非硬化道路具有复杂的下垫面条件,道路表面由于长期碾压而形成一定厚度的浮土颗粒,结构松散,抗冲蚀性差,浮土层下碾压路面土壤容重高,抗蚀性高,因此,降雨条件下路面侵蚀亦表现出不同的差异性.本文采用野外模拟降雨试验方法对坡度3°、6°、9°、12°非硬化道路不同侵蚀期的输沙过程及输沙速率与侵蚀因子的关系进行研究.结果表明:浮土层土壤在面蚀期出现了第一个输沙峰值,坡度为3°时只存在面蚀过程,输沙速率平均变异系数为0.07;6°~12°坡度下各次降雨均在产流后15 min左右开始细沟发育,雨强大于1.5 mm·min-1时,面蚀期输沙过程线波动性较明显,但不同坡度间(6°、9°、12°)变异度差异不大(0.20、0.19、0.16),雨强对输沙速率的影响强于坡度.细沟侵蚀期输沙过程线有波动,但波动性明显小于面蚀期,6°、9°、12°坡下平均输沙变异系数分别为0.05、0.09和0.10,细沟发育多,且沟宽而浅.面蚀期和沟蚀期的输沙速率均与雨强和坡度呈显著的幂函数关系.稳定输沙速率与径流率和含沙量呈显著线性关系.
Non-hardened roads formed during the Shenfu coalfield production have complicated underlying surface conditions. Floating soil particles of certain thickness are formed on the road surface due to long-term rolling. The structure has loose structure and poor erosion resistance. The soil bulk density of the crushed pavement below the floating soil layer is high , The corrosion resistance is high, therefore, the road surface erosion shows different differences under the condition of rainfall.In this paper, field simulated rainfall test is used to study the sediment transport in different erosion stages of 3 °, 6 °, 9 °, 12 ° non-hardening road The process and the relationship between sediment transport rate and erosion factor were studied.The results showed that the first sediment peak appeared in the surface soil layer during the surface erosion period and the only surface erosion occurred when the gradient was 3 ° and the average coefficient of variation of sediment transport rate was 0.07; in the slope of 6 ° ~ 12 °, all the rains began to develop in the rill about 15 min after the runoff. When the rainfall intensity was more than 1.5 mm · min-1, The variations of slope degrees (6 °, 9 °, 12 °) are not significant (0.20, 0.19, 0.16). The effect of rainfall intensity on the sediment transport rate is stronger than that of slope. It is obviously less than the average coefficient of variation of sediment transport under the slope of 6 °, 9 °, 12 ° 0.05, 0.09 and 0.10 respectively, with more developed shallow grooves and shallow and shallow grooves.The sediment transport rates during surface erosion and gully erosion periods were all significantly and exponentially related to rainfall intensity and slope.The stable sediment transport rate and runoff rate And sediment concentration was a significant linear relationship.