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自19世纪70年代以来,随着中国民族资本主义和民族资产阶级在半殖民地、半封建社会中产生,出现了一种反映新兴民族资产阶级利益的新思想,产生了一批要求对社会作微弱改革的早期维新思想家,代表人物主要有王韬、薛福成、马建忠、郑观应、陈虬、陈炽、汤震、何启、胡礼垣、钟天纬等人.他们当中有的是地主阶级出身的较年轻的知识分子,做过封建官吏;有的在香港、上海等地学过外语,与西方人有较多的接触,甚至充当过买办商人;有的本来就是洋务运动的积极支持或参与者;有的还到过西方,在国外亲眼目睹了西方文明…….由于这些不同的经历和地位,使他们对西方的政治、经济和文化,对洋务运动和中国社会的弊端,有较深刻的认识,认为中国只有学习西方,改革现状,尽快发展资本主义,才能富强起来.他们要求维护国家的独立和主权,反对不平等条约,要求实行重商政策,发展资本主义.他们还要求实行君主立宪制政体,设立议院,并普遍涉及到对西方议会制度的认识,成为早期维新派思想的一大特色.本文试图从这一角度论述早期维新派的议会思想,以求教于学界同仁.
Since the 1970s, with the emergence of China’s national capitalism and the national bourgeoisie in the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, a new thought has emerged that reflects the interests of the newly emerging national bourgeoisie and has led to a number of demands for a weak reform of the society Of the early reform thinkers, the representatives are mainly Wang Tao, Xue Fucheng, Ma Jianzhong, Zheng Guanying, Chen Kui, Chen Chi, Tang Zhen, He Qi, Hu Liyuan, Zhong Tianwei, etc. Among them are some younger intellectuals from the landlord class, Some have learned foreign languages in Hong Kong, Shanghai, etc., have had more contacts with Westerners and even acted as buying and selling businessmen; some have been active supporters or participants of the Westernization Movement; others have also been to the West, Having witnessed the Western civilization abroad ... Because of these different experiences and status, they have a deeper understanding of Western politics, economy and culture, the malpractices of the Westernization Movement and the Chinese society. They think that only learning from the West, To reform the status quo and develop capitalism as soon as possible to prosper and prosper, they demanded that they safeguard their independence and sovereignty, oppose unequal treaties, and demand They also called for the constitutional monarchy to form a constitutional government, the establishment of the House of Representatives, and the widespread recognition of the Western parliamentary system as a major feature of the early reformist ideology.This article attempts to discuss the early reform from this perspective Parliamentary thinking sent to learn in the academic colleagues.