伪膜性结肠炎原来仅是描写病变形态及部位的名称。近年来才认识到本病实际上是应用抗菌素的合并症,所以亦被称作“抗菌素引起的结肠炎”。以往只于尸体解剖时才能确诊,近来随着难辨性梭状芽胞杆菌(ClostridiumDifficile)及其毒素实验室检验手段的采用,纤维结肠镜的广泛应用,使人们对本病病因学和发病学的认识不断深化,引起了临床和病理工作者的广泛注意。 Pseudomembranous colitis is only the name that describes the shape and location of lesions. In recent years it was only recognized that this disease is actually a complication of the use of antibiotics, so it is also called “antibiotic-induced colitis.” In the past, diagnosis was only performed at the time of autopsy. Recently, with the adoption of laboratory tests for clostridium difficile and its toxins, the widespread use of fiber colonoscopes has made people aware of the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease. The continuous deepening of awareness has attracted widespread attention from clinical and pathologists.