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对比美国法院在计算机软件及商业方法可专利性标准上进行不断变化,我国一向采取较为保守的涉及计算机实施的专利保护态度。本文旨在通过中美两国之间审查标准与专利政策的对比,着重抓住中国目前涉及计算机程序的发明专利审查标准中出现的问题。通过界定利用计算机实施的发明专利技术背景的内容与范围,厘清涉及计算机程序与计算机软件两者的技术特征区别,同时着重阐述针对涉及计算机程序的发明专利,2017年4月我国最新修订的《专利审查指南》给其审查条件以及权利要求书的撰写所带来的影响。深入分析Alice案件,明确Mayo二分法在判断中的适用,以及其出现前后对美国专利市场造成的影响。另一方面最新Enfish案件也表明CAFC不支持滥用该种方式来打压专利有效性。通过对专利检索工具Incopat的技巧性使用,从申请数量、诉讼状态等角度梳理分析中美两国近年来有关软件发明专利的情况,从而发现我国目前专利适格性判断方法的特点及问题。最终从专利政策层面,找到适合中国当下的软件专利政策走向,平衡“技术性”要求与科技发展、鼓励创新之间的关系。
Compared with the U.S. courts’ changing standards of patentability in computer software and business methods, China has always adopted a more conservative attitude toward patent protection involving computer implementation. The purpose of this paper is to compare the review standards and patent policies between China and the United States and to focus on the problems that arise in the current Chinese patent examination standards for invention patents that involve computer programs. By defining the content and scope of the technical background of the patent for invention using computer, this paper clarifies the technical characteristics of the difference between the computer program and the computer software. At the same time, it focuses on the invention patents for computer programs. In April 2017, the newly revised “Patent Review Guide ”for its review conditions and claims the impact of writing. In-depth analysis of the Alice case, a clear Mayo dichotomy in the judgment of the application, and its presence before and after the impact of the U.S. patent market. On the other hand, the latest Enfish case also shows that CAFC does not support the abuse of this kind of method to suppress patent validity. Through the skillful use of the patent search tool Incopat, it analyzes the situation of software invention patents in China and the United States from the perspectives of the number of applications and the state of litigation so as to find out the characteristics and problems of current patent suitability judgments in China. Finally, from the aspect of patent policy, we find the suitable trend of software patent policy in China, and balance the relationship between the requirement of “technology” and the development of science and technology and the encouragement of innovation.