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呼吸机相关性肺炎是新生儿重症监护室常见的院内感染性肺炎，国内发病率较高，严重影响新生儿预后。目前诊断标准尚不统一，发病的危险因素主要包括早产、低出生体质量、血流性感染、机械通气时间、插管次数等。预防措施包括抬高床头角度、密闭式吸痰、医护人员卫生消毒、使用硫糖铝、选择性消化道去污、改进呼吸机使用方式、口腔及皮肤护理等。“,”Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common hospital acquired infection in neonatal intensive care unit with high incidence in China. There is no diagnostic gold standard of VAP. The risk factors include premature birth, low birth weight, dura-tion of mechanical ventilation, episodes of intubation, blood stream infections. The recommended precautions include rising head of bed, closed tracheal suction, sucralfate, selective decontamination in digestive tract, improvement of mechanical ventilation, oral and skin care, hand hygiene. However, it is controversial that sucralfate, selective decontamination in digestive tract, passive humidifiers, oral and skin care can reduce the incidence of VAP.