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“十二五”以来,内蒙古能源经济运行表现出与以往不同的特征,能源生产与消费增长速度超过改革开放以来任何一个时期,同时也超过国民经济增长速度,能源消费强度上升,对进口石油的依赖性增大,能源消费进一步向高耗能行业和东部地区集中,煤电油气价格均有不同程度的上涨。除炼油行业之外,其他能源行业的经济效益大增,能源项目尤其是电力项目成为中央与地方建设投资的重点。随着“一带一路”经济走廊的建设,能源市场的对外开放进入一个新的阶段,能源工业的市场化改革也因此会深入发展。当前能源经济所要解决的重要问题是能源利用效率低下,生产与消费对环境的影响,能源安全生产与国家石油安全四大问题。内蒙古未来的能源消费增长速度主要取决于产业结构调整和经济增长速度的调控,基于能源生产与消费的外部性问题需要采取经济、法律、行政手段等综合措施。
Since the “12th Five-Year Plan”, Inner Mongolia’s energy economy has shown its characteristics different from those in the past. The growth rate of energy production and consumption has surpassed that at any time since the reform and opening up. At the same time, it also surpassed the growth rate of the national economy and increased the intensity of energy consumption. The dependence on oil increased. Energy consumption was further concentrated in the high-energy-consuming industries and the eastern region. Coal-oil-gas prices rose in varying degrees. In addition to the oil refining industry, the economic benefits of other energy industries have greatly increased. Energy projects, especially power projects, have become the focus of investment in central and local construction. With the building of the “Belt and a Road” economic corridor, the opening-up of the energy market has entered a new phase and the market-oriented reform of the energy industry will therefore be further developed. The important issues to be solved in the current energy economy are the four problems of inefficient use of energy, impact of production and consumption on the environment, energy security and the development of national oil security. In the future, the growth rate of energy consumption in Inner Mongolia depends mainly on the adjustment of industrial structure and the rate of economic growth. Economic, legal and administrative measures need to be taken based on the externalities of energy production and consumption.