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从事科技英语翻译的同志,大多数是始于钻研普通英语,逐步转入科技英语的,因此,常常发现普通英语中的某些语言现象,与科技英语中的某些语言现象,有很多不同的地方。无疑,弄清楚这种“差别”,对于提高阅读和翻译科技文献的能力是大有裨益的。著名专家John Swales在其WritingScientific English一书中指出:“与其它各种文体不同,书面的科技英语很少使用否定陈述句。”根据这种表达习惯,笔者试提出以下五点浅见。一、选用由否定词缀构成的否定词语:科技英语中派生词(依靠添加前缀或后缀构成的词语)出现频率之高,已成为它的一大特点。因此,英译科技汉语时要注意使用这类词语,尤其是在否定句中,例如:
Most of the comrades engaged in translation of scientific English come from studying ordinary English and gradually moving to science and technology English. Therefore, it is often found that some linguistic phenomena in common English are quite different from some linguistic phenomena in scientific English local. Undoubtedly, clarifying this “difference” is of great benefit to improving the ability to read and translate scientific literature. John Swales, a noted expert, points out in his book WritingScientific English: “Unlike other genres, written scientific English seldom uses negative statements.” Based on this expression, the author tries to make the following observations. First, choose negative words formed by the negative affix: Scientific English derivative words (by adding prefix or suffix form word) high frequency, has become a major feature of it. Therefore, English translation of science and technology should pay attention to the use of such words, especially in negative sentences, for example: