这里讲的教学,作为教育的形态,是指中、小学各科教学,不指广义上的教学。教学,是人类交往的一种特殊形式。它的基本要素是:交往双方、内容和媒体。交往,是人的社会性,是指共在的主体之间的相互作用、相互交流、相互沟通和相互理解。教学是师生之间的特殊交往,是教与学的共同活动,是教与学的相反相成,是教学相长。所以说,没有交往的教学是假教学。当前基础教育的改革成果层出不穷,教学的新情况新问题不断出现。我在四十年的教学实践与研究中,认识到教学的产业性、主体性、开放性和科学性。从这四性,加深了我对教学的认识。教学的产业性,就是出人才。教学的最终效益就看人才的产出。所以,在一切教学活动中,人的发展是主题。要多出人才,快出人才,出好人才。教学的本质功能是培养人。教学的任何学科,任何学段,都要从“人的发展”这个主题,这个硬道理去想去做。联合国《学会生存》一书都 The teaching mentioned here, as the form of education, refers to the teaching of various subjects in primary and secondary schools and does not refer to teaching in a broad sense. Teaching is a special form of human communication. Its basic elements are: contacts, content, and media. Communication is the social nature of human beings. It refers to the interactions, mutual exchanges, mutual communication, and mutual understanding between the co-existing subjects. Teaching is a special interaction between teachers and students. It is a common activity of teaching and learning. It is the opposite of teaching and learning. Therefore, teaching without communication is a false teaching. The current achievements in the reform of basic education have emerged in an endless stream, and new situations and new problems in teaching are constantly emerging. In my 40 years of teaching practice and research, I have realized that teaching is industrial, subjective, open, and scientific. From these four aspects, I deepened my understanding of teaching. The industrial nature of teaching is talent. The ultimate benefit of teaching depends on the output of talent. Therefore, in all teaching activities, human development is the theme. More talents, faster talents and better talents. The essential function of teaching is to cultivate people. Any subject or section of teaching must be based on the theme of “human development”. The United Nations “Learning to survive” is a book