1锚杆技术的产生和发展挡土结构有多种多样，挡土墙的形式一般分为衡重式、重力式、锚定板式、锚杆式。土层锚杆是前联邦德国于1958年首先用于深基坑的临时支护，由于具有一系列优点，此后在各国得到推广，我国目前主要用于铁路、公路、码头护岸及基坑护壁、地下结构施工的临时 A generation and development of anchor technology There are many kinds of retaining structure, the form of retaining wall is generally divided into weighing type, gravity type, anchor plate type, anchor type. Soil anchor is the first temporary support for deep foundation pit in the former Federal Republic of Germany in 1958. Due to a series of advantages, it has been promoted in various countries since then. At present, our country is mainly used for railway, highway, pier revetment and foundation pit retaining wall, Temporary construction of underground structures