为了解叶尔羌河流域的饮用水质和水性疾病情况，进行了专题调查。结果表明叶河流域存在程度不等的高氟、低碘区，致使地方性氟病和地方性甲状腺肿流行。地方性甲状腺肿以中游流域的莎车、泽普患病率高。地方性氟病以下游地区的麦盖提县患病率高。介水传染病急性腹泻、伤寒、痢疾、肝炎的患病率是上游低下游高，且饮用地面水者患病率高于饮用地下水者。 In order to understand the situation of drinking water and waterborne diseases in the Yeerchen River Basin, a special survey was conducted. The results showed that there were unequal areas of high fluoride and low iodine in the Yehe River Basin, which led to endemic fluorosis and endemic goiter. The prevalence of endemic goitre in Shache and Zep in the middle reaches of the river is high. The prevalence of endemic fluorosis is high in the downstream areas of Maigaiti county. The prevalence of acute diarrhea, typhoid fever, dysentery and hepatitis in water-borne infectious diseases is high in the lower reaches of the upper reaches, and the prevalence of drinking groundwater is higher than that of drinking groundwater.