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目的分析高原地区藏族、汉族健康体检者心电图异常的发生率,探讨低氧环境对藏族、汉族人群心电图的影响。方法所有受检者为健康体检者,均居住在青海地区海拔3000m以上地区,根据民族分为藏族组(2104例),汉族组(1823例),共3927例,常规12导联心电图机行心电图检查,由专业医师分析。结果 3927例受检者中,心电图异常者1735例,异常率为44.2%。藏族2104例中心电图异常的有912例,异常率为43.3%,汉族1823例,检出心电图异常的823例,异常率为45.1%,两组间无统计学差异(χ~2=1.150,p=0.284)。藏汉两组常见异常中,窦性心动过缓、电轴右偏和电轴左偏所占比例最大,在各项异常中藏族窦性心动过缓的检出率显著高于汉族(χ~2=8.668,p=0.002);电轴左偏、完右、T波改变、窦性心动过速及异常期前收缩异常的检出率低于汉族。结论低氧环境导致高原人群心电图异常率增加,藏族窦性心动过缓比例高于汉族,其他异常率低于汉族,可能与长期生活在高原对低氧适应有关。
Objective To analyze the incidence of electrocardiogram abnormalities among Tibetan and Han nationality healthy people in plateau area and explore the influence of hypoxic environment on the electrocardiogram of Tibetan and Han nationality people. Methods All subjects were healthy and were all living in the area above 3000m above sea level in Qinghai. According to ethnic groups, there were 2104 cases in Tibetan group (1823 cases), Han nationality group (3923 cases), 12-lead electrocardiogram Check, analyzed by a professional physician. Results Among the 3927 subjects, 1735 were abnormal electrocardiogram, with an abnormal rate of 44.2%. There were 912 cases of abnormal ECG in the center of 2104 cases in Tibetans, the abnormality rate was 43.3%, and in 1823 Han cases, 823 cases were detected abnormal ECG, the abnormal rate was 45.1%. There was no significant difference between the two groups (χ ~ 2 = 1.150, p = 0.284). Among the common anomalies in Tibet and Han, the prevalence of sinus bradycardia, right axis deviation and left axis deviation were the largest, and the prevalence of sinus bradycardia in Tibetan was significantly higher than that in Han (χ ~ 2 = 8.668, p = 0.002). The detection rate of axial left deviation, right end, T wave change, sinus tachycardia and anteroposterior systolic abnormalities were lower than Han. Conclusions The abnormal rate of electrocardiogram in Tibetan plateau is higher than that of Han nationality in Han nationality. The abnormal rate of other abnormalities is lower than that of Han nationality in hypoxia environment, which may be related to the long-term adaptation to hypoxia in the plateau.