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目的了解佳木斯市中学生伤害发生的流行特点及其原因。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,对佳木斯市2所初级中学和2所高级中学进行了自填式问卷调查,并利用SPSS19.0进行统计分析。结果中学生伤害发生率为50.75%,男生54.85%,女生46.17%,性别间差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.015,P=0.016);初中生伤害发生率为54.04%,高中生为48.54%,初、高中之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=16.368,P=0.006);伤害以扭伤、跌倒/坠落伤、动物或昆虫咬/抓伤、刀割伤/锐器刺伤和车祸为主,占69.64%,多发生在夏季,占41.43%;发生场所主要是学校和家里/宿舍,分别占34.01%、32.66%;受伤部位多为下肢,占25.07%,其次为手和脚,占21.68%和17.55%;多为自伤,占69.24%,其次是同学伤,占15.46%;受伤者采取的处理方式多为家长或老师处理,占47.91%;伤后休息率为23.35%;伤害原因较多,其中男生伤害发生排在前四位的是体育课/运动、玩耍/打架、走路和骑车,女生则是走路、体育课/运动、家务劳动和动物咬伤。结论佳木斯市中学生伤害发生率较高,伤害类型多样化,影响因素较多,需要学校和家长采取有效措施进行预防和控制。
Objective To understand the prevalence and causes of injuries among middle school students in Jiamusi City. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to conduct self-administered questionnaire survey on 2 junior high schools and 2 high schools in Jiamusi City, and SPSS19.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results The incidence of secondary school injuries was 50.75%, 54.85% for boys and 46.17% for girls, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 6.015, P = 0.016). The incidence of junior high school students was 54.04% and that of high school students was 48.54% (Χ2 = 16.368, P = 0.006); injuries were mainly sprain, fall / fall, animal or insect bites / scratches, knife cuts / sharp stab wounds and car accidents, accounting for 69.64% occurred in the summer, accounting for 41.43%; place of occurrence was mainly school and home / dormitory, accounting for 34.01% and 32.66% respectively; the injured parts were mostly lower limbs, accounting for 25.07%, followed by hands and feet, accounting for 21.68% 17.55%; mostly self-injury, accounting for 69.24%, followed by students injured, accounting for 15.46%; injured were taken for the treatment of parents or teachers, accounting for 47.91%; rest rate after injury was 23.35% Among them, the top four male injuries were physical education / sports, playing / fighting, walking and cycling, while girls were walking, physical education / exercise, housework and animal bites. Conclusions The incidence of injury among middle school students in Jiamusi City is high, the types of injuries are diversified and there are many influencing factors. School and parents are required to take effective measures to prevent and control them.