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“约法三章”,原出《史记·高祖本纪》,又见于《汉书·刑法志》。传统的解说,把“约法”理解“省约法令”,约法二字连读。此说流传甚广,被一般教科书和工具书所沿用。但征诸史籍,“约法三章”这种解释不合司马迁记事的原意,也不合法律事实。不妨引录《史记》原文如下:〔刘邦〕还军霸上,召诸县父老豪桀〔杰〕曰:“父老苦秦久矣,诽谤者族,偶语者弃市。吾与诸侯约,先入关者王之,吾当王关中。吾与父老约,法三章耳。”句中的“约”应作何解?同书中也有明确旁证:“怀王令沛公略地入关,与诸将约,先入关中者王之。”项羽也说:“怀王……非有功伐,何得主约。”
“Covenant three chapters”, the original “Historical Records Gaozu Ji”, see also “Han criminal law.” The traditional explanation, the “Covenants” to understand the “provincial court decree”, about the law two words read. This is widely circulated and is used by general textbooks and reference books. However, the collection of historical records, “about the law of three chapters,” this explanation does not fit Sima Qian’s original intention, nor legal facts. May wish to lead the original “Historical Records” is as follows: [Liu Bang] Rebirth on the army, call the county elders Hao Yao [Jie] said: “The elders bitter Qin for a long time, slanderers, First entered the king, I as Wang Guanzhong. My father and the law, the law of the three ear. ”What should be about“ covenant ”? The same book also has a clear circumstantial evidence:“ Wang Huaibai public access , And all the covenant, first enter the middle of the king. ”Xiang Yu also said:“ King of arms ... non-effective cutting, what the Lord about. ”