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目的了解淮南市中年人群的膳食模式,分析膳食模式与肥胖、高血压之间的关系,为预防肥胖和高血压提供依据。方法采用半定量食物摄入频率法,于2014年5月至2015年5月用随机抽样方法抽取淮南市2 076名45~60岁人群进行饮食及生活方式调查,利用因子分析法构建膳食模式。应用SPSS 16.0进行χ2检验和方差分析。结果 (1)因子分析结果得出4类膳食模式,即动物性食物型、传统中国型、高热量型和高盐型;(2)动物性食物型和传统中国型模式两组间体质指数(BMI)和腰围(WC)差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);传统中国型模式的不同组间WHR差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);传统中国型和高热量型模式不同组间SBP差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);(3)偏相关性分析发现,调整年龄、吸烟、经济收入、文化程度和体力活动因素后,男性动物性食物型模式的因子得分与BMI、WC、SBP和DBP均呈正相关(r值分别为0.093、0.098、0.096和0.090,P<0.05,P<0.01),传统中国型模式的因子得分与WC呈负相关(r=-0.067,P<0.05);在女性中,动物性食物型模式的因子得分与BMI、WC呈正相关(r值分别为0.136和0.126,P<0.05),传统中国型模式的因子得分与BMI、WC呈负相关(r值分别为-0.116和-0.105,P<0.05)。高盐型模式的因子得分与BMI呈正相关(r=0.107,P<0.05)。结论膳食模式与淮南市中年人群肥胖、高血压指标关系密切,传统中国型模式有益于预防肥胖和高血压。
Objective To understand the dietary patterns of middle-aged people in Huainan, analyze the relationship between dietary patterns and obesity and hypertension, and provide evidences for prevention of obesity and hypertension. Methods From May 2014 to May 2015, 2076 45- to 60-year-olds in Huainan were enrolled in this study from May 2014 to May 2015 for diet and lifestyle survey. The dietary patterns were established by factor analysis. Χ2 test and analysis of variance were performed using SPSS 16.0. Results (1) Four kinds of dietary patterns were obtained by factor analysis, that is animal food type, traditional Chinese type, high caloric type and high salt type. (2) The difference of body mass index between animal food type and traditional Chinese type (P <0.01). There was significant difference in WHR among different groups in the traditional Chinese model (P <0.05). Traditional Chinese and high caloric model groups were significantly different (P <0.05). (3) Partial correlation analysis found that after adjusting for age, smoking, economic income, education level and physical activity factors, the factor score of male animal food pattern was positively correlated with BMI, WC, SBP and DBP were positively correlated (r = 0.093,0.098,0.096 and 0.090 respectively, P <0.05, P <0.01). The score of traditional Chinese model was negatively correlated with WC (r = -0.067, P < 0.05). In females, the factor score of animal food pattern was positively correlated with BMI and WC (r = 0.136 and 0.126 respectively, P <0.05). The score of traditional Chinese model was negatively correlated with BMI and WC r values were -0.116 and -0.105 respectively, P <0.05). The score of high salt model was positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.107, P <0.05). Conclusion Dietary patterns are closely related to obesity and hypertension in middle-aged people in Huainan City. Traditional Chinese patterns are beneficial to prevent obesity and hypertension.