小儿肾病综合征不是一个独特的疾病,而是多种疾病的一症候群表现。随着近来肾活检,电镜及莹光免疫检查等诊断技术广泛应用于肾小球病变的研究,对于肾病综合征的诊断、分类、临床与病理的联系、治疗、预后等方面都有了新的认识。临床诊断与分类肾病综合征主要存在大量的蛋白尿和低蛋白血症,一般地还有高脂血症和高度浮肿,有时还伴有高血压、血尿或氮质血症。在成人,大量尿蛋白排泄被规定为>3.5克/日,而在儿童为0.05～0.1克/Kg/日(定性试验(?)或(?));低蛋白血症儿童被规定为血浆蛋白<5.6克％,白蛋白<2.5克％;高脂血症儿童被规定为血清胆固醇>220mg％。浮肿在年长儿可以 Pediatric nephrotic syndrome is not a unique disease but a syndrome of many diseases. With the recent renal biopsy, electron microscopy and fluorescence immunoassay and other diagnostic techniques are widely used in glomerular disease research, for nephrotic syndrome diagnosis, classification, clinical and pathological relations, treatment, prognosis, etc. have a new understanding. CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS AND CLASSIFICATION Nephrotic syndrome presents predominantly proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia, with hyperlipidemia and highly edema, and sometimes with hypertension, hematuria or azotemia. In adults, excretion of large amounts of urinary protein is defined as> 3.5 g / day compared with 0.05 to 0.1 g / kg / day in children (qualitative test (?) Or (?)); Children with hypoproteinemia are prescribed as plasma proteins <5.6 g%, albumin <2.5 g%; children with hyperlipidemia are prescribed serum cholesterol> 220 mg%. Edema in older children can be