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人类的生存发展离不开生态系统和环境,它为人类世世代代的延续提供了基本条件。在生态系统内部,生物和周围环境之间保持着互相依存的相对稳定状态。人口数量的增长和人类活动如果破坏了这种稳定——生态系统的平衡,就直接破坏了人类的生存条件。随着自然界的发展变化及科学技术的进步,人类征服自然的能力越来越强,人口数量也随之急剧增加。在最近30年内,世界人口增长的速度和规模是前所未有的。1950～1980年间,亚洲人口从13.68亿增加到25.63亿,增加了近12亿;非洲人口从2.19亿增加到4.72亿,增加了一倍多;拉丁美洲人口从1.64亿增加到3.6亿;中国人口由1949年的5.4亿增加到1981年的9.9亿,人口净增4.5亿。人口增长的速度过快,数量过多,已成为世界各国普遍重视的大问题。人口增长的影响不仅渗透到国民经济的各部门和各环节,而且直接或间接地左右了一些重大国策的制定。
The survival and development of human beings are inseparable from the ecosystem and the environment. They provide the basic conditions for the continuation of mankind for generations to come. Within the ecosystem, there is a relatively stable interdependence between the living and the environment. If the population growth and human activities undermine this kind of stability-ecosystem balance, they will directly undermine the living conditions of mankind. With the development and changes in nature and advances in science and technology, the ability of mankind to conquer nature is growing stronger and the population is also rapidly increasing. In the last 30 years, the rate and scale of world population growth have never been greater. From 1950 to 1980, the population of Asia increased from 1.368 billion to 2.563 billion, an increase of nearly 1.2 billion. The population of Africa more than doubled from 241 million to 472 million. The population of Latin America increased from 164 million to 360 million. The population of China From 540 million in 1949 to 990 million in 1981, a net increase of 450 million. The rapid growth and excessive population growth have become major issues of universal importance to all countries in the world. The impact of population growth not only infiltrates the various sectors and sectors of the national economy, but also directly or indirectly controls the formulation of major national policies.