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分子标记可以作为常规玉米育种的有益辅助,提高育种效率,尤其是针对基于隐性纯合基因的甜质玉米杂交育种。以自育的22份甜玉米自交系为材料,选取玉米基因组数据库中收录的基于shrunken2(sh2)、brittle endosperm2(bt2)、amylose extender1(ae1)、sugary2(su2)、shrunken1(sh1)、miniature seed1(mn1)和dull endosperm1(du1)等7个甜质基因开发的12个基因内标记,对其进行分子鉴定,在此基础上,结合这些材料可溶性糖含量的测定,明确22份甜质自交系的甜质类型。测定结果表明,在乳熟期,22份甜质自交系子粒可溶性糖含量为18.83%~25.58%,均表现为超甜类型。分子鉴定结果则显示,22份甜自交系在CL1742(ae1)、CL1800(du1)、CL1139(mn1)、CL1470(sh2)、SOG1205(bt2)、SOG0157(sh1)与phi044(sh1)等7个标记上的等位变异与普通自交系一致,而IDP202(su2)、IDP584(su2)、Bt2_353(bt2)与phi028(sh1)等4个标记只在部分甜质自交系中检测到缺失,phi033(sh1)则在14份甜质自交系中检测到甜质特异性等位变异,在另8份材料上检测到缺失,表明本研究的甜质自交系主要表现为sh1甜质基因控制的超甜型。
Molecular markers can be used as a useful adjunct to conventional maize breeding to improve breeding efficiency, especially for sweet maize hybrid breeding based on recessive homozygous genes. Twenty-two sweet corn inbred lines were used as materials to select shrunken2 (sh2), brittle endosperm2 (bt2), amylose extender1 (ae1), sugary2 (su2), shrunken1 (sh1), miniature 12 gene markers of seven sweet genes, such as seed1 (mn1) and dull endosperm1 (du1), were identified and molecularly identified. On the basis of this, the soluble sugar contents of these materials were determined and 22 sweet The sweet type of cross The results showed that the soluble sugar contents of 22 sweet inbred lines were 18.83% ~ 25.58% at the milk ripe stage, all of which showed super sweet type. The results of molecular identification showed that seven of the sweet inbred lines showed good reproducibility in seven CL742 (ae1), CL1800 (du1), CL1139 (mn1), CL1470 (sh2), SOG1205 (bt2), SOG0157 (sh1) and phi044 (sh1) Allelic variation on the marker was consistent with that of the normal inbred lines, but the four markers IDP202 (su2), IDP584 (su2), Bt2_353 (bt2) and phi028 (sh1) were detected only in some sweet inbred lines, phi033 (sh1) detected sweet-specific allelic variation in 14 sweet inbred lines, and deletion was detected in the other 8 materials, indicating that the sweet inbred lines of this study mainly showed the sh1 sweet gene Control of the super-sweet.