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肾癌占肾脏肿瘤的半数以上。目前肾癌的治疗仍以手术为主。癌肿较大时血运丰富侧枝循环较多,肾周围常有较大之迂曲血管,与周围组织粘连紧密,手术易发生大出血,因而手术死亡率较高。Hand 和Broders(1932年)报告肾癌手术死亡率高达12%。近年来由于麻醉、输血的进展和手术技术的提高,肾癌手术死亡率有了大幅度下降,增田富士男等(1978年)报告肾癌手术死亡率为4.3%。不少肾癌患者在初诊时已有远处转移或肿瘤侵犯周围组织而丧失了手术治疗机会,据町田丰平
Renal cancer accounts for more than half of kidney tumors. The current treatment of kidney cancer is still dominated by surgery. When the cancer is large, the blood circulation is rich in the collateral circulation, and there is often a large tortuous blood vessel around the kidney, which is closely associated with the surrounding tissue. The operation is prone to hemorrhage, so the surgical mortality is high. Hand and Broders (1932) reported a 12% mortality rate from kidney cancer surgery. In recent years, due to the advancement of anesthesia, blood transfusions, and surgical techniques, the mortality rate of kidney cancer surgery has been greatly reduced. Masuda Fujita (1978) reported renal cancer surgery mortality rate of 4.3%. Many patients with kidney cancer have distant metastases or tumors that invade the surrounding tissues at the time of their initial diagnosis and have lost surgical treatment. According to Machida Mioida