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目的：了解我国医院感染管理组织建设30年的发展情况。方法对全国12个省（直辖市、自治区）医院感染管理组织建设进行调查。结果共调查166所医院，其中三级医院96所（57．83％）；164所有建立医院感染管理科年份的医院中，1995年之前建科的医院46所（28．05％），1995—2005年建科的医院63所（38．41％），2005—2015年建科的医院55所（33．54％）。165所医院每千床专职人员数从1995年的4．80名下降至2015年的4．09名，1995—2015年医院感染管理科专职人员类别构成比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2＝26．22，P ＜0．01）。1995—2015年各省份医院感染管理科专职人员学历、专业构成比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2值分别为242．91、47．10，均 P ＜0．01）。1995、2005年专职人员学历均以大专及以下学历为主，所占比率分别为70．81％、53．30％；2015年以本科学历（53．79％）为主，博士、硕士所占比率分别为2．45％、22．86％。专职人员专业均以护理为主，所占比率由1995年的58．38％下降至2015年的45．96％。结论我国医院感染管理组织建设经历了30年，取得了一定成绩，但仍存在一些问题，需要继续提高专职人员比例，优化人员结构。“,”Objective To understand the development of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)management organ-izations in China in the past 30 years.Methods Development of HAI management organizations in 12 provinces (municipalities,autonomous regions)in China was surveyed.Results A total of 166 hospitals were surveyed,96 (57.83%)were tertiary hospitals.Among 164 hospitals which had a history of development of HAI management department,46(28.05%)before 1995,63(38.14%)in 1995-2005,and 55(33.54%)in 2005-2015 set up HAI management departments.HAI management professionals per 1 000 beds in 165 hospitals decreased from 4.80 in 1995 to 4.09 in 2015,occupational categories in HAI management departments in 1995 -2015 were significantly different (χ2 =26.22,P <0.01).The constituent ratios of education background and profession of HAI manage-ment professionals in each province in 1995-2015 were significantly different(χ2 =242.91,47.10,respectively,all P <0.01).In 1995 and 2005,70.81%,53.30% of professionals were with college degree or below;in 2015,the percentage of professionals with bachelor’s degree,doctoral degree,and master’s degree were 53.79%,2.45%, and 22.86% respectively.Most professionals were nursing staff,but the percentage decreased from 58.38% in 1995 to 45.96% in 2015.Conclusion Although HAI management organizations have developed for 30 years and made some achievements,there still remain some problems,the proportion of professionals needs to be enhanced,and personnel structure should be optimized.