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目的了解北京市职业人群应急准备现状及其影响因素,为制定干预策略提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,选取北京市18岁以上职业人群800人于2015年进行问卷调查,调查内容包括基本情况、应急准备量表、应急经历与判断、应急知识与技能、能力建设相关活动参与情况等内容。运用χ~2检验进行单因素分析,应用logistic回归进行多因素分析。结果北京市18岁以上职业人群仅有2.6%的职业人群表示已经做好了各种应急准备行动,22.3%的人不计划采取任何准备行动。应急准备测评总体平均分(3.28±0.47)分,应急意识、应急态度、应急心理与文化、应急准备行为倾向、应急知识与技能各维度平均分分别为(2.91±0.79)、(3.45±0.67)、(3.36±0.55)、(3.09±0.88)、(3.63±0.81)分。职业人群不做应急准备的原因主要为不知道应该做什么(55.2%)。女性、卫生相关技术人员、居住房屋类型为高层有电梯人群、购买商业保险人群、接受过应急教育/培训、演练以及应急意识、应急态度、应急心理和文化、应急准备行为和应急知识与技能5个方面平均分≥4分者应急准备率较高,分别为29.5%、45.9%、32.6%、31.3%、39.9%、40.5%、44.3%、36.7%、39.4%、43.7%和33.3%。logistic回归分析显示:购买商业保险[P=0.15,OR=1.582,95%CI(1.092~2.292)]、接受宣传/培训[P=0.006,OR=2.348,95%CI(1.279~4.311)]、应急准备行为倾向[P=0.003,OR=2.026,95%CI(1.280~3.207)]是职业人群应急准备水平的影响因素。结论北京市职业人群的应急准备情况有待提高。需要加强对职业人群的应急教育/培训,培养风险意识,提高应急知识与技能水平,提升应急准备水平。
Objective To understand the current situation and influential factors of emergency preparedness for occupational groups in Beijing and provide the basis for the formulation of intervention strategies. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 800 people over 18 years of age in Beijing to conduct a questionnaire survey in 2015. The survey included basic information, emergency preparedness scale, emergency experience and judgment, emergency knowledge and skills, ability Construction-related activities and other content. Univariate analysis using χ ~ 2 test, multivariate analysis using logistic regression. Results Only 2.6% of the occupational population in Beijing over the age of 18 said they have prepared a variety of emergency preparedness and 22.3% do not plan to take any preparatory actions. The average score of emergency preparedness assessment was (3.28 ± 0.47) points, and the average scores of emergency consciousness, emergency attitude, emergency psychology and culture, emergency preparedness behavior tendency, emergency knowledge and skills were (2.91 ± 0.79) and (3.45 ± 0.67) , (3.36 ± 0.55), (3.09 ± 0.88), (3.63 ± 0.81) points respectively. The reasons why the occupational population did not make emergency preparations mainly did not know what to do (55.2%). Women, health-related technicians, housing types are high-level elevator population, the purchase of commercial insurance crowd, have received emergency education / training, training and emergency awareness, emergency attitude, emergency psychology and culture, emergency preparedness behavior and emergency knowledge and skills 5 The average emergency preparedness rate was higher by 29.5%, 45.9%, 32.6%, 31.3%, 39.9%, 40.5%, 44.3%, 36.7%, 39.4%, 43.7% and 33.3%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that commercial insurance [P = 0.15, OR = 1.582, 95% CI (1.092-2.292)] received publicity / training [P = 0.006, OR = 2.348,95% CI 1.279-4.311] Emergency preparedness behavior predisposition [P = 0.003, OR = 2.026, 95% CI (1.280 ~ 3.207)] is the influencing factor of emergency preparedness level for occupational population. Conclusion The occupational emergency preparedness in Beijing needs to be improved. It is necessary to strengthen emergency education / training for occupational groups, raise awareness of risk, raise the level of emergency knowledge and skills, and raise the level of emergency preparedness.