自然法观念是西方政治法律文化中的核心观念之一 ,它从产生到现在已经有两千多年的历史 ,经历了柏拉图的正义观、阿奎那的神学自然法、卢梭的公意理论、康德的纯粹理性、黑格尔的绝对精神、菲尼斯的实践理性等诸种形态的不同向度的发展 ,根深蒂固 ,经久不衰 ,成为人类文化中一道亮丽的风景。考察其不同历史阶段的共性 ,可以看出西方自然法观念自始至终凝结着人类的智慧和价值追求 ;折射着不同阶段的社会矛盾和蕴涵着不同阶段特定的利益要求 ;具有鲜明的历史时空性 ,内涵虽然变动不居但本质是同一的 ,即都是某种理念被不同阶段的人类理性客观化的结果 ,因而使一个阶段的人类社会群体深信不疑 ;它植根于人类的理性 ,是一种客观化了的主观理念 ,从而具有开放性、动态性和恒久性 ;它最终被不同时代的政治哲学家形而上为关于人类社会制度的组织精神和建构原则 ,而表现出它的显性形态。可以说 ,自然法观念是人类理性塑造出来的一种文化理念 ,它的作用就在于把人类头脑中的理想逻辑化。正因如此 ,马克思曾指出 ,自然法是不能够被废除的 The concept of natural law is one of the core concepts in western politics, law and culture. It has existed for more than two thousand years from its birth to now. It has undergone Plato’s view of justice, Aquinas’s theological natural law, Rousseau’s theory of public opinion, Kant’s pure reason, Hegel’s absolute spirit, phoenix’s practical rationality and other forms of different dimensions of development, deep-rooted, enduring, become a beautiful landscape of human culture. It can be seen that the conceptions of natural law in the West embody the wisdom and value pursuit of human beings from beginning to end. Reflecting the social contradictions in different stages and implicating the specific interests of different stages, it has a distinctive historical space-time and connotation Although the changes are not permanent but the essence is the same, that is, all the ideas are objectified by human rationality at different stages, thus convincing one stage of human social groups that it is rooted in human reason and a Objectified subjectivity, which is open, dynamic and permanent. It is finally turned into a dominant form by the political philosophers of different ages by the metaphysics of the organizational spirit and the construction principle of human social system. It can be said that the concept of natural law is a cultural concept shaped by human reason, and its role lies in the logic of the ideal in human mind. It is for this reason that Marx once pointed out that natural law can not be abolished