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目的:探讨种植固定义齿修复后发生食物嵌塞的原因及防治措施。方法:收集240例出现食物嵌塞的种植病例,并对其进行问卷调查、口腔检查、影像学检查和模型分析。结果:问卷调查结果显示因外伤导致牙列缺损而进行种植修复的食物嵌塞发生率最高,达84.2%;牙周病次之,发生率为80.1%。75.0%的食物嵌塞发生在种植修复后的早期,主要为水平型食物嵌塞,占51.7%。口腔检查结果显示,伴有食物嵌塞的种植病例其邻接区常有邻接过松或无接触,及不良的外展隙形态。影像学检查显示,发生食物嵌塞的种植区常伴有明显的骨组织吸收,邻接点到骨面的垂直距离>5 mm,占70.8%;种植体与邻牙牙根的水平距离≥2.5 mm,占60%;种植体与邻牙牙长轴的夹角>15°,占81.2%;尖圆形牙冠在食物嵌塞病例中出现最多,占44.6%。模型分析显示,有30.4%的病例存在梯形咬合,6.3%的病例存在充填式牙尖。结论:导致种植修复后食物嵌塞的原因复杂多样,需选择合适的防治方法,尽可能地避免食物嵌塞的发生。
Objective: To investigate the causes of food impaction after implants fixation and the preventive measures. Methods: A total of 240 cases of impacted food implants were collected and investigated by questionnaire, oral examination, imaging examination and model analysis. Results: The results of the questionnaire survey showed that the incidence of food implants implanted in repair of dentition defect caused by trauma was the highest (84.2%); followed by periodontal disease (80.1%). Seventy-five percent of food impaction occurred in the early post-implantation repair period, mainly in the form of horizontal food impaction, accounting for 51.7%. Oral examination results show that adjacent implants in implanted implants often have contiguous loose or noncontact and poor abduction forms. Imaging examination showed that impacted food implants often accompanied by significant bone tissue absorption, the vertical distance between the adjacent point to the bone surface> 5 mm, accounting for 70.8%; horizontal distance between the implant and the adjacent tooth root ≥ 2.5 mm, Accounting for 60%. The angle between the implant and the long axis of the adjacent tooth was> 15 °, accounting for 81.2%. The sharp round crown appeared most frequently in the food impaction, accounting for 44.6%. Model analysis showed trapezoidal occlusion in 30.4% of cases and filled cusps in 6.3% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: The causes of food implants after implantation are complex and diverse. Appropriate prevention and treatment methods should be selected to avoid food impaction as much as possible.