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18世纪末至19世纪中期,俄国农奴制的主要剥削形式是代役制和劳役制。根据对劳役制下农民份地与地主自营地的数量变化和相互比例、农民为地主服劳役的时间的分析,以及对代役制下农民的各项租税及其农副业收入的变化的辨析,可以发现,虽然因为地主数量的增长、地主经济的扩张、地主消费和债务规模的扩大,农奴制的剥削程度确实有所提高,但由于地主对农民的剥削面临着一系列的约束,因此这种剥削程度并不像传统认为的那样沉重。1861年前,农奴制经济并未丧失发展潜力,农奴制经济危机并非是衰退性危机,而是结构性危机和转型危机。正是这种结构性危机和战争失败后的国家政治危机,最终导致了19世纪中期沙皇政府废除农奴制。
From the late 18th century to the mid 19th century, the main form of exploitation of Russian serfdom was the system of contract and labor. Based on the analysis of the changes in the number and proportion of peasant land and land owner self-employment under the system of servitude, the analysis of the time when peasants work as landlords and the changes in the taxation of peasants under peasant-workers and the income from their agriculture and sideline businesses, It can be seen that although the exploitation of serfdom did increase due to the increase in the number of landlords, the expansion of the landlord economy, the increase in the consumption of landlords and the scale of debts, the exploitation of peasants by landlords is subject to a series of constraints, The level of exploitation is not as heavy as it is traditionally thought. Before 1861, the serfdom economy did not lose its development potential. The economic crisis of serfdom was not a recessionary crisis but a structural crisis and a crisis of transition. It was this structural crisis and the political crisis in the country after the failure of the war that eventually led to the abolition of serfdom by the Tsarist government in the mid-19th century.