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以“中杂105”番茄为试验材料,在日光温室基质栽培条件下研究了CO2增施浓度和养分水平对番茄生长的影响。试验设置4个CO2水平,分别为不增施(C0)、(700±50)μmol/mol(C1)、(1 000±50)μmol/mol(C2)、(1 300±50)μmol/mol(C3);以山崎番茄配方营养液浓度1个剂量(S)为基准设3个养分水平,分别为1/2S(F1)、1S(F2)、2S(F3)。结果表明:在相同CO2处理条件下,提高养分有利于番茄茎粗、叶片SPAD值、植株干、鲜质量和第一穗果质量的增加,并使开花日期提前;在相同养分处理条件下,增施CO2可以显著增加番茄的茎粗、叶片SPAD值、植株干、鲜质量和第一穗果质量,显著降低第一花序节位,并使开花日期提前;增施(1 000±50)μmol/mol和(1 300±50)μmol/mol的CO2可以显著提高叶片中氮含量。中低养分条件下,增施(1 000±50)μmol/mol CO2即可使番茄第一花序节位降低1.0个节位、开花日期提早5~8 d,还使第一穗果质量显著高于对照。高养分条件下,增施(1 300±50)μmol/mol CO2的处理番茄第一花序节位最低,比对照(C0F3)降低1.7个节位,开花日期最早,比对照提前10 d,第一穗果质量最大,比对照高出24.15%。番茄的第一花序节位、开花日期和第一穗果质量对CO2响应的程度依赖于养分水平,高养分使这些指标对CO2响应的程度提高。综合各项生长指标,C3F3处理番茄茎粗最大、第一花序节位最低、开花最早,是最优水平组合。
Effects of CO2 concentration and nutrient level on the growth of tomato were studied under “solar greenhouse greenhouse” using tomato “Zhong 105” as test material. Four CO2 levels were set up in the experiment, which were respectively C0, (700 ± 50) μmol / mol (C1), (1 000 ± 50) μmol / mol (C2) and (1 300 ± 50) μmol / mol (C3). Three nutrient levels were set based on one dose (S) of nutrient solution of YAMAZAKI Tomato Formula, which were 1 / 2S (F1), 1S (F2) and 2S (F3). The results showed that under the same conditions of CO2 treatment, raising nutrients was beneficial to the increase of stem diameter, leaf SPAD value, plant dry and fresh weight and the first fruit quality, and earlier the flowering date. Under the same nutrient treatment condition, CO2 application could significantly increase the stem diameter, leaf SPAD value, plant dry and fresh weight, and the quality of the first ear, significantly reduce the first inflorescence node position and advance the flowering date; increase (1 000 ± 50) μmol / mol and (1 300 ± 50) μmol / mol of CO2 can significantly increase the nitrogen content in leaves. Under low and medium nutrient conditions, the first inflorescence node of tomato was decreased by 1.0 node and the flowering date was 5 ~ 8 d earlier with the addition of (1 000 ± 50) μmol / mol CO2, and the quality of the first fruit was also significantly increased In the control. Under the high nutrient condition, the first inflorescence node of the tomato treated with CO2 at the level of (1 300 ± 50) μmol / mol CO2 was the lowest, 1.7 nodes lower than that of the control (C0F3), and the earliest flowering date was 10 d earlier than the control The quality of ear fruit is the highest, 24.15% higher than the control. The extent to which the first inflorescence node, flowering date, and first ear quality of tomato respond to CO2 depends on nutrient levels, and the high nutrient levels increase the response of these indicators to CO2. According to all the growth indexes, the stem diameter of C3F3 was the highest, the first inflorescence node was the lowest, and the earliest flowering was the optimal combination.