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目的了解济南市粮食及产地土壤中铅、汞、镉、砷污染状况,初步分析其污染来源。方法 2014年1月-11月,对济南市不同流通环节的大米、小麦及产地土壤中的4种元素含量进行测定。采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法,对其污染程度进行分析评价。结果大米中铅检出率较高(66.7%),小麦中镉检出率较高(67.7%);大米、小麦中镉含量检测结果差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。土壤中4种元素检出率均等于或接近100%。大米和小麦中4种元素内梅罗综合指数分别为0.232、0.319,均处于安全水平;大米、小麦产地土壤中4种元素内梅罗综合指数分别为0.564、0.993,整体处于安全水平,小麦产地汞污染指数处于轻污染水平,其余单项污染指数均为安全等级。结论济南市粮食和产地土壤中4种金属元素整体上处于安全水平,受重金属污染威胁较小。
Objective To understand the pollution status of lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic in the grain and producing soil in Jinan City, and to analyze the sources of pollution. Methods From January to November 2014, the content of four elements in rice, wheat and producing soil of different circulation links in Jinan City was determined. The single factor pollution index method and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method were used to analyze and assess the pollution degree. Results The detection rate of lead in rice was higher (66.7%) and the detection rate of Cd in wheat was higher (67.7%). There was significant difference in the detection results of cadmium in rice and wheat (P <0.01). The detection rate of the four elements in the soil is equal to or close to 100%. The Nemerow indexes of four elements in rice and wheat were 0.232,0.319, respectively, which were at safe level. The Nemerow indexes of four elements in rice and wheat were 0.564 and 0.993, respectively, which were at a safe level as a whole. The mercury pollution index is at a light pollution level, and the remaining individual pollution indices are at safety level. Conclusion The four kinds of metal elements in grain and producing soil in Jinan are generally at a safe level and less threatened by heavy metal pollution.