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目的了解广东部分农村地区1~6年级小学生的健康知识和卫生行为现状,为正确开展小学生卫生知识宣教提供科学依据。方法于2012年7—8月采用分层随机抽样的方法,从佛山市金本小学以及韶关市长江中心小学中随机抽取不少于250名小学生,进行有关健康知识、卫生行为及用纸情况的问卷调查,并实地考察学校厕所卫生状况。采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果共调查学生263人,其中男生138人,女生125人。调查对象的健康知识总知晓率为61.2%(1 769/2 893),其中男性知晓率为57.0%(866/1 518),女性为65.7%(903/1 375)(P<0.01),其中对不利于健康成长的习惯、和肥胖有关的因素等6项知识知晓率<60%;调查对象的健康行为总形成率为56.1%(2 805/4 997),其中男性的行为形成率为54.6%(1 431/2 622),女性为57.9%(1 374/2 375)(P>0.05),其中做到读书写字姿势正确、坚持每天做眼保健操等10项卫生行为形成率<60%。16.0%(42/263)学生如厕完后依旧使用皱纹卫生纸或是报纸、作业纸等。结论被调查农村地区小学生健康知识知晓率与健康行为形成率均较低,卫生习惯有待提高,应加强学生卫生知识和健康教育的宣传。
Objective To understand the status quo of health knowledge and health behavior of primary school students in grades 1 to 6 in some rural areas in Guangdong and to provide a scientific basis for correctly carrying out the health education among primary school students. Methods From July to August in 2012, stratified random sampling method was used to randomly select not less than 250 primary school students from Foshan Jinben Primary School and Shaoguan Changjiang Central Primary School for health knowledge, hygiene and paper use Questionnaire survey, and field visits to the health status of school toilets. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used for analysis. Results A total of 263 students were investigated, including 138 boys and 125 girls. The total awareness rate of health knowledge among the respondents was 61.2% (1 769/2 893), of which 57.0% (866/1 518) were male and 65.7% (903/1 375) women (P <0.01), of which, The rate of awareness of 6 items was less than 60%, which was unfavorable to healthy growth habit and obesity-related factors. The overall rate of health behaviors of respondents was 56.1% (2 805/4 997), of which the male behavior formation rate was 54.6 % (1 431/2 622), and 57.9% (1 374/2 375) women (P> 0.05). Among them, the correct rate of doing reading and writing, and the rate of 10 hygiene behaviors such as eye exercises every day were <60%. 16.0% (42/263) After using the toilet, students still use wrinkle toilet paper or newspaper, job paper and so on. Conclusions The rate of awareness and the rate of health behavior formation among primary school students surveyed in rural areas are low, and hygiene habits need to be improved. Publicity of health knowledge and health education should be strengthened.