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近几年来,在深化企业改革过程中,人们把注意力几乎全部集中在产权改革方面,较为典型的一种思路认为:企业产权一旦明晰,就可建立现代企业制度;企业产权一旦明晰,就可以“万事大吉、效益猛增”,就可以适应现实市场经济的发展要求,国企就好比“灵丹入口,包治百病,出现活力”。现实难道果真如此吗?非也,结论应是否定的。这种想法其实是一种认识上的误区,一种天真的寄托。完整地讲,产权明晰,权责明确,政企分开,管理科学是现代企业制度的四大有机组成部分,缺一不可。只有四个部分都有效地运作才能构成富有成效的有机整体。当前的经济形势是1993年以来最好的,但我们有的国有企业经济效益不高,利润下降、甚至亏损,其中一个重要直接的原因就是:企业低水平管理和管理倒退。为此,摆在我们面前一个实际问题就是在产权改革的同时,强化企业管理。本文就此谈一些思考和浅见。一、令人忧虑的认识误区及其剖析(一)误区之一:以“包”代管现在在许多企业的干部和职工中普遍存在着一种依靠承包就能代替管理的思维定势。近几年来,在许多大大小小的企业中,也的确出现了众多的承包
In recent years, during the process of deepening corporate reforms, people have focused almost exclusively on property rights reforms. A more typical idea is that once the company’s property rights are clear, a modern enterprise system can be established; once the property rights of the company are clear, it can be “Everything is going strong, and the efficiency is soaring” can be adapted to the requirements of the development of the actual market economy. State-owned enterprises are like “the entrance of a panacea, all-inclusive disease, vitality”. Is this true? If not, the conclusion should be negative. This kind of thinking is actually a misunderstanding in understanding and a kind of innocence. Completely speaking, property rights are clearly defined, rights and responsibilities are clearly defined, government and enterprise are separated, and management science is an integral part of the modern enterprise system. They are indispensable. Only four parts can be effectively operated to constitute a productive organic whole. The current economic situation is the best since 1993. However, some of our state-owned enterprises are not economically efficient, and their profits have fallen or even suffered a loss. One of the important direct reasons is that the management of enterprises at low levels and management are retrogressive. To this end, a practical problem before us is to strengthen enterprise management while property rights reforms are in progress. This article talks about some thoughts and ideas. First, worrying awareness of misunderstandings and analysis (A) of one of the errors: the “package” to manage Now in many companies, cadres and workers are generally a kind of relying on the contract can replace the management of the mindset. In recent years, in many large and small enterprises, there have been numerous contracts.