1983年在儿童中首次发现了人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)。儿童HIV感染虽与成人有许多相似之处,但在传播方式、血清学变化、临床表现等方面存在较大差异。它主要是通过感染了HIV的母亲在妊娠或分娩时传播的。13岁以下的HIV患者除有乏力、发热、慢性持续性腹泻、淋巴结肿大及顽固不愈的口腔溃疡等与成年人共有的表现外,其最显著的特点是对细菌感染的易感性增加,这与婴幼儿对常见致病菌缺乏后天获得 The first human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was found in children in 1983. Although HIV infection in children has many similarities with adults, there is a big difference in terms of modes of transmission, serological changes, clinical manifestations and so on. It is transmitted primarily through pregnancy or childbirth through HIV-infected mothers. HIV patients under the age of 13, except fatigue, fever, chronic persistent diarrhea, lymphadenopathy and recalcitrant oral ulcers and other common performance with adults, the most prominent feature is the increased susceptibility to bacterial infection, This is acquired with the lack of common pathogenic bacteria in infants and young children acquired