管理者的任务,就是影响组织中的人们以理想的效率实现其目标。对于管理人员来讲,在任何组织中,最严重以及最使人烦扰之事便是理解“激励”以及它在运行中的作用。由于激励的观念或理论如此繁多,而且,其中的每一种在某些情况下似乎有效而在其他情况下又似乎无效,这就使得众多的管理者步履难艰。在本文中,我们试图使这种不利最小化。我们修改了许多激励观念及理论,以便将它们统一于一种完整的模型之中,从中能帮助管理者了解它们之间的相互关系。下面我们来展示这种模型如何引导管理者的现行行为,导致其执行职能的改进。 The task of the manager is to influence people in the organization to achieve their goals with ideal efficiency. For managers, the most serious and disturbing thing in any organization is understanding “incentives” and its role in operations. Because there are so many ideas or theories about incentives, and each of them seems to be effective in some cases and in other cases, it seems to be ineffective, which makes it difficult for many managers to follow. In this article, we try to minimize this disadvantage. We have modified many ideas and theories of motivation so that they can be unified in a complete model, which can help managers understand the relationship between them. Here we show how this model guides the current behavior of managers and leads to improvements in their executive functions.