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本文比较了两种农业保险产品(个体农业保险和地区农业保险)和巨灾救济方案在降低农民收益波动风险方面的效果。我们调查了吉林省8个地级市494户农民的农业保险信息和历史上巨灾救济信息,检验了三种风险管理工具在减少农民收益波动上的效果。结论表明,尽管个体农业保险设计复杂,还可能遭受道德风险和逆向选择问题,但是它比其他任何一种保险或巨灾救助手段更能减少农民收益波动风险。本文的结论对于预算约束条件下的财政分配,将具有重要的指导意义。
This article compares the effects of two agricultural insurance products (individual agricultural insurance and regional agricultural insurance) and catastrophe relief programs on reducing the risk of peasant income volatility. We investigated agricultural insurance information and historical catastrophe relief information of 494 peasants in eight prefecture-level cities in Jilin Province and examined the effectiveness of the three risk management tools in reducing peasant income volatility. The conclusion shows that although the individual agricultural insurance design is complicated, it may also suffer moral hazard and adverse selection, but it can reduce the risk of peasant income fluctuation more than any other kind of insurance or catastrophe rescue. The conclusion of this paper will be of great guiding significance to the financial allocation under the condition of budget constraint.