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以嵌合抗原受体-T细胞(chimeric antigen receptor-T cell,CAR-T)治疗和卡控点(check point)阻断为代表的一系列研究和临床应用表明,自体或移植的特异T细胞可以清除已发生的肿瘤,标志着肿瘤免疫治疗进入了新的阶段。近期研究发现,借助于新一代测序、蛋白质组学及生物信息技术,可以鉴别出肿瘤细胞通过MHC提呈的突变特异性的新抗原,这些抗原或抗原组合具有高度的个体和肿瘤特异性。实验表明,新抗原能通过主动免疫在动物模型中产生抗肿瘤的作用,也可作为过继转移抗原特异性T细胞、TCR转染T细胞和CAR-T所识别的目标。这些重要进展为进一步开展肿瘤临床的精准免疫治疗奠定了理论和实践基础。
A series of studies and clinical applications represented by chimeric antigen receptor-T cell (CAR-T) treatment and checkpoint blockade have shown that autologous or transplanted T cells Can clear the tumor has occurred, marking the tumor immunotherapy has entered a new phase. Recent studies have found that with the aid of next-generation sequencing, proteomics and bioinformatics, mutations of tumor-specific MHC-specific novel antigens can be identified which are highly individual and tumor-specific. Experiments show that the new antigens can produce anti-tumor effects in animal models through active immunization and also can be used as adoptive transfer antigen-specific T cells, TCR transfected T cells and CAR-T recognized by the target. These important advances have laid the theoretical and practical foundation for further clinical immunotherapy of tumors.