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目的调查公共卫生专业技术人员职业紧张状况及其影响因素。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法对全国6个省(市)的省级和地市级两级疾病预防控制机构(CDC)、3个省(市)的职业病防治机构中的2 821名公共卫生专业技术人员进行职业紧张调查;职业紧张影响因素的单因素分析采用t检验、方差分析、Cochran-Armitage趋势检验和χ2检验,多因素分析采用非条件logistic回归分析。结果男性公共卫生专业技术人员外在和内在付出得分均高于女性,回报得分低于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);文化程度越高,外在付出得分越高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。35~55岁组外在付出得分高于<35和≥55岁组,内在付出得分高于<35岁组。省级机构外在和内在付出得分高于地市级,回报得分低于地市级。此外,职业紧张发生率随文化程度的升高而升高,随年龄增长而降低。多因素分析显示,已婚者较未婚者、省级单位较地市级单位以及工龄较大者更容易出现职业紧张,女性较男性以及年龄较大者更不易出现职业紧张。结论公共卫生专业技术人员职业紧张影响因素较多,其中性别、年龄、婚姻状况、工龄、单位等级是最主要的影响因素。
Objective To investigate occupational stress and its influencing factors in public health professional and technical personnel. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to evaluate the CDC of provincial and prefecture-level municipalities in 6 provinces (municipalities) in China and 2,821 public institutions in occupational disease prevention and control institutions in 3 provinces (municipalities) Health professional and technical personnel for occupational stress survey; occupational stress factors univariate analysis using t test, analysis of variance, Cochran-Armitage trend test and χ2 test, multivariate analysis using non-conditional logistic regression analysis. Results Male public health professional and technical personnel paid more external and internal scores than women, the returns were lower than those of women, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01); higher educational level, the external pay the higher the score, the difference was statistically significant Significance (P <0.01). The 35- to 55-year-old group had a higher external pay score than the 35 or 55-year-old group, with an intrinsic pay-out score higher than the 35-year-old group. The external institutions and internal departments pay higher scores than the prefecture-level cities, and their returns are lower than the prefecture-level level. In addition, the prevalence of occupational stress increased with the level of education increased with age and decreased. Multivariate analysis showed that married people were more likely to suffer from occupational stress than unmarried persons, provincial-level units and municipalities, and women were less likely to have occupational stress than men and older persons. Conclusion There are many factors affecting occupational stress in public health professional and technical personnel, among which gender, age, marital status, length of service and unit rank are the most important factors.