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2011~2012年在吉林公主岭试验区可移动防雨棚内进行两年微区试验,探讨水氮胁迫对玉米产量及氮素的吸收和分配的影响。结果表明,全生育期灌水300 mm情况下,玉米产量随施氮量的增加而增加;水分胁迫(灌水100 mm)情况下,玉米产量随施氮量的增加而减少。植株氮积累总量成熟期最高,氮素在营养器官中的比例最高时期是拔节期,生殖器官含氮比例最高在吐丝期,子粒的含氮百分比最高时期是吐丝后15 d。水氮胁迫条件下,氮素转运率、贡献率均下降,仅氮胁迫转运率和贡献率增加。相同灌水量情况下,子粒吸收氮素量与施氮量显著正相关;水分胁迫条件下,表观土壤水分利用效率随施氮量的增加而下降,正常供水则相反;水分胁迫下的土壤水分利用效率极显著高于正常供水。
Two years of micro-area experiments were carried out in the mobile rain shelter of Gongzhuling experimental area from 2011 to 2012 to investigate the effects of water and nitrogen stress on the yield and nitrogen uptake and distribution of maize. The results showed that the yield of maize increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate when the irrigation water was 300 mm during the whole growth period. Under water stress (100 mm irrigation), the yield of maize decreased with the increase of nitrogen rate. The total nitrogen accumulation in plant was the highest in maturation stage, the highest proportion of nitrogen in vegetative organs was jointing stage, the highest nitrogen content in reproductive organs was in silking stage, and the highest percentage of nitrogen content in grains was 15 days after silking. Under the conditions of water and nitrogen stress, the nitrogen translocation rate and contribution rate decreased, but only the nitrogen translocation rate and contribution rate increased. Under the same amount of irrigation, the nitrogen uptake by grain was significantly and positively correlated with the amount of nitrogen application. Under water stress, the apparent water use efficiency decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, while the normal water supply was opposite. Under the water stress, The utilization efficiency is significantly higher than the normal water supply.