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受春季冰雪消融的影响,我国北方地区的河流会形成桃花汛期,期间河流的水位、水深和流场较其它季节会发生较大变化,从而对流域水环境管理和水资源保护的利用产生影响.为科学地对松花江哈尔滨段在冰雪消融期水动力变化情况进行分析,利用Arc GIS 10.0对DEM影像进行矢量化,在Delft3D-RGFGRID中创建正交曲线网格,基于EFDC模型建立松花江哈尔滨市段二维河流数值水动力模型.模拟了2014年1月-10月间的整个河段不同时空条件下的水动力变化情况,根据哈尔滨市水文站2013年、2014年实测数据对模型的参数和模拟结果进行率定和验证,模拟水位与实测水位最大相差0.33 m,相对误差<10%,吻合度高.模拟结果表明:整个江段平均水位在桃花汛期可达116.38 m,丰水期进一步上升至116.54 m,枯水期为115.64 m,平水期为116.23 m.朱顺屯和阿什河口断面水深在丰水期都明显大于桃花汛期,呼兰河口和大顶子山断面两汛期的水深几乎持平,大顶子山断面水深在各时期都较浅,附近易发生冰塞.朱顺屯、阿什河口、呼兰河口大顶子山桃花汛期流速分别为0.55、0.61、0.43、0.57 m·s-1;丰水期流速分别为0.59、0.66、0.47、0.63 m·s-1,各断面桃花汛期的流速与丰水期流速相当,略小于丰水期,流向平稳无涡旋.该模型可以较好的模拟河道水力要素随时间及空间演变规律,以便在不同典型水文年进行水力模拟和预测,可为松花江冬春季通航管理、水资源配置、水质模拟、水质目标管理、水环境容量计算和污染物总量减排提供决策依据.
Affected by spring ice and snow melt, rivers in northern China will form peach blossom flood season, during which the water level, depth and flow field of the river will change greatly compared with other seasons, which will affect the utilization of water environment management and water resources protection in the basin. In order to scientifically analyze the hydrodynamic changes of the Songhua River in Harbin during the snow melting period, the ArcGIS 10.0 was used to vectorize the DEM images. An orthogonal curvilinear grid was created in Delft3D-RGFGRID. Based on the EFDC model, A two-dimensional river numerical hydrodynamic model was established to simulate the hydrodynamic changes of the whole river section from January to October 2014 under different temporal and spatial conditions. According to the measured data of Harbin hydrological station in 2013 and 2014, The simulation results were calibrated and verified, the maximum difference between the simulated water level and the measured water level was 0.33 m, the relative error was less than 10%, and the agreement degree was high.The simulation results showed that the average water level of the whole river section reached 116.38 m in the peach blossom flood season, To 116.54 m, the dry season was 115.64 m, and the flat-water period was 116.23 m. The water depths at the sections of Zhushuntun and Ashi Estuary were all significantly greater than those in the peach blossom flood season and the Hulan River And Dadingzishan section of the two flood season, the water depth is almost the same, Dadingzishan section depth in each period are shallow, prone to ice plug nearby .Zhu Shun Tun, Ashe estuary, 0.55, 0.61, 0.43 and 0.57 m · s-1, respectively. The flow velocities in wet season were 0.59, 0.66, 0.47 and 0.63 m · s-1, respectively. , The flow is steady and non-vortexing.The model can simulate the evolution of the hydrological elements of the river course with time and space well in order to carry on the hydraulic simulation and prediction in different typical hydrological years, which can be used for winter and spring navigation management, water resources allocation, water quality Simulation, management of water quality objectives, calculation of water environmental capacity and total pollutant emission reduction decision-making basis.